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The triple jump is an athletics (track and field) event, previously also known as "hop, skip and jump" or "hop, step and jump", whose various names describe the actions a competitor takes. The athlete runs down a runway until they reach a takeoff mark, from which the jump is measured. The takeoff mark is a "board", which is commonly implemented as a physical piece of wood or like material embedded in the runway, or a rectangle painted on the runway surface. In modern championships a strip of plasticine or modeling clay is attached to the board to record athletes overstepping the mark, defined by the trailing edge of the board.
There are three phases of the triple jump, articulated in the original event name: the "hop" phase, the "step" phase, and the "jump" phase. These three phases are executed in one continuous sequence. The hop starts with the athlete jumping from the mark on his/her takeoff leg, and ends landing on the runway with the takeoff leg. In the step, the athlete immediately jumps with the takeoff leg and lands on the runway with the opposite leg. The step is followed by the jump, where the athlete jumps from that same non-takeoff leg and lands in a sand-filled pit. The jump phase is very similar to the long jump. A "foul", also known as a "scratch" or missed jump, occurs when a jumper oversteps the takeoff mark, misses the pit entirely, does not use the correct foot sequences throughout the phases, or does not perform the attempt in the allotted amount of time (usually about one minute).
The object of the triple jump is to achieve the maximum distance from the board to the mark made in the sand at the end of the jump phase. To achieve this, a primary factor is for the athlete to preserve as much forward velocity achieved at the beginning of the hop, throughout the sequence of the 3 phases, all the while transmitting a healthy portion of horizontal energy into vertical energy in each phase[1].
The triple jump has been included in the modern Olympic Games since its first celebration in 1896. In fact, the first modern Olympic Champion, James Connolly, was a triple jumper; however, the event at this time consisted of two hops and a jump. In 1996, a triple jump event for women was added to the Olympics, having already been included in both the Outdoor World Championships and World Indoor Championships.
The current male and female world record holders are Jonathan Edwards of the UK, with a jump of 18.29 metres (Göteborg, August 7, 1995) and Inessa Kravets of Ukraine with a jump of 15.50 metres (Göteborg, August 10, 1995). The men's world indoor record is shared by Aliecer Urrutia of Cuba and Christian Olsson of Sweden with a mark of 17.83 metres. The women's world indoor record measures 15.36 metres, jumped by Tatyana Lebedeva of Russia at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships.
Contents |
| YEAR | DISTANCE (m) | ATHLETE | PLACE |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1986 | 13.68 |  Esmeralda García (BRA) |
unknown |
| 1987 | 14.04 |  Li Huirong (CHN) |
Hamamatsu |
| 1988 | 14.16 | Li Huirong (CHN) |
Shijiazhuang |
| 1989 | 14.52 |  Galina Chistyakova (URS) |
Stockholm |
| 1990 | 14.54 | Li Huirong (CHN) |
Sapporo |
| 1991 | 14.95 | Inessa Kravets (URS) |
Moscow |
| 1992 | 14.62 |  Galina Chistyakova (RUS) |
Villeneuve d'Ascq |
| 1993 | 15.09 | Anna Biryukova (RUS) |
Stuttgart |
| 1994 | 14.98 |  Sofiya Bozhanova (BUL) |
Stara Zagora |
| 1995 | 15.50 |  Inessa Kravets (UKR) |
Atlanta |
| 1996 | 15.33 | Inessa Kravets (UKR) |
Sacramento |
| 1997 | 15.20 |  Šárka Kašpárková (CZE) |
Athens |
| 1998 | 15.12 | Iva Prandzheva (BUL) |
Tokyo |
| 1999 | 15.07 |  Paraskevi Tsiamita (GRE) |
Seville |
| 2000 | 15.32 | Tatyana Lebedeva (RUS) |
Yokohama |
| 2001 | 15.25 | Tatyana Lebedeva (RUS) |
Edmonton |
| 2002 | 14.95 |  Françoise Mbango Etone (CMR) |
Radès |
| 2003 | 15.29 |  Yamilé Aldama (CUB) |
Rome |
| 2004 | 15.34 | Tatyana Lebedeva (RUS) |
Iraklion |
| 2005 | 15.11 | Tatyana Lebedeva (RUS) Trecia Smith (JAM) |
Paris Helsinki |
| 2006 | 15.02 | Anna Pyatykh (RUS) |
Gothenburg |
| 2007 | 15.28 | Yargelis Savigne (CUB) |
Osaka |
Accurate as of September 2007.
NB: These are the top 10 performers of all time, not the top 10 performances. Other legal jumps by people on this list that would exceed the shortest jump on this list are noted below the table.
| MARK | WIND | ATHLETE | VENUE | DAT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.29 1 | 1.3 |  Jonathan Edwards (GBR) |
Gothenburg | 1995-08-07 |
| 18.09 2 | -0.4 |  Kenny Harrison (USA) |
Atlanta | 1996-07-27 |
| 17.97 | 1.5 | Willie Banks (USA) |
Indianapolis | 1985-06-16 |
| 17.92 | 1.6 |  Khristo Markov (BUL) |
Rome | 1987-08-31 |
| 17.92 | 1.9 | James Beckford (JAM) |
Odessa | 1995-05-20 |
| 17.90 | 0.4 | Jadel Gregório (BRA) |
Belém | 2007-05-20 |
| 17.90 | 1.0 | Vladimir Inozemtsev (UKR) |
Bratislava | 1990-06-20 |
| 17.89 | 0.0 | João Carlos de Oliveira (BRA) |
Mexico City | 1975-10-15 |
| 17.87 3 | 1.7 | Mike Conley (USA) |
San Jose | 1987-06-26 |
| 17.86 | 1.3 | Charles Simpkins (USA) |
Kobe | 1985-09-02 |
NB: Again, these are the top 10 performers of all time, not the top 10 performances.
| MARK | WIND | ATHLETE | VENUE | DAT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15.50 1 | 1.9 | Inessa Kravets (UKR) |
Gothenburg | 1995-08-10 |
| 15.39 2 | 0.5 | Françoise Mbango Etone (CMR) |
Beijing | 2008-08-17 |
| 15.34 3 | -0.5 | Tatyana Lebedeva (RUS) |
Heraklion | 2004-07-04 |
| 15.32 4 | 0.9 | Hrysopiyi Devetzi (GRE) |
Athens | 2004-08-21 |
| 15.29 5 | 0.3 | Yamilé Aldama (CUB) |
Rome | 2003-07-11 |
| 15.28 | 0.9 | Yargelis Savigne (CUB) |
Osaka | 2007-08-31 |
| 15.20 | 0.0 | Šárka Kašpárková (CZE) |
Athens | 1997-08-04 |
| 15.20 | -0.3 | Tereza Marinova (BUL) |
Sydney | 2000-09-24 |
| 15.18 | 0.3 | Iva Prandzheva (BUL) |
Gothenburg | 1995-08-10 |
| 15.16 | 0.1 |  Rodica Mateescu (ROM) |
Athens | 1997-08-04 |
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