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| City of Saint Paul | |||
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| Nickname: "The Capital City", "The Saintly City", "The STP", "Pig's Eye", "Hockey Town USA", "Moscow on the Mississippi"[1] | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country | United States | ||
| State | Minnesota | ||
| County | Ramsey | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Chris Coleman (DFL) | ||
| Area | |||
| - City | 56.2 sq mi (145.5 km²) | ||
| - Land | 52.8 sq mi (136.7 km²) | ||
| - Water | 3.4 sq mi (8.8 km²) | ||
| Elevation | 702 ft (214 m) | ||
| Population (2000) | |||
| - City | 287,151 | ||
| - Density | 5,438/sq mi (2,100.6/km²) | ||
| - Metro | 3,502,891 | ||
| Time zone | CST (UTC-6) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) | ||
| ZIP codes | 55101 -- 55175 | ||
| Area code(s) | 651 | ||
| Website: www.stpaul.gov | |||
Saint Paul (abbreviated St. Paul) is the capital and second most populous city of the U.S. state of Minnesota. The city primarily lies on the north bank of the Mississippi River, just downstream of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Minneapolis, the state's largest city. Known as the Twin Cities, these two cities form the core of Minneapolis-St. Paul, the sixteenth largest metropolitan area in the United States, with about 3.2 million residents. The city's population at the 2000 census was 287,151. Saint Paul serves as the county seat of Ramsey County, the smallest and most densely populated county in Minnesota.[2]
Founded as a trading and transportation center known as Pig's Eye (French: L'œil du Cochon), the city rose to eminence when it was named the state capital of the Minnesota Territory in 1849. Though now overshadowed in population and national attention by its larger twin, Saint Paul contains many of the state's institutions, organizations, and preserved architecture. As a financial and commercial hub, it is home to The Travelers Companies.
The city's current name replaced Pig's Eye when Saint Paul's Chapel was built in 1841.
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About 2000 years ago, the Hopewell culture Native Americans lived in the vicinity, burying their dead in mounds, now located in Indian Mounds Park. The Dakota Indians later used the same site to bury their dead.[3][4] From about 1600 to 1837 the Dakota Indians lived near the site of the Mounds.[3] In the early 1800s, a disparate group of fur traders, explorers, and missionaries came to the area for the protection that Fort Snelling offered. Many of these people had come south from Canada and were of French descent; others had come from the east after treaties with Native Americans officially opened the area.
In the early years, the settlers lived close to the fort along the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers, but as a whiskey trade started to flourish, the military officers in Fort Snelling banned them from the lands the fort controlled, with one retired fur trader turned bootlegger, Pierre "Pig's Eye" Parrant particularly irritating the officials. By the early 1840s the area had become important as a trading center, a destination for settlers heading west, and was known as Pig's Eye or Pig's Eye Landing, which served Dakota, Ojibwa, European explorers, and American soldiers. In 1837, a treaty between Henry Schoolcraft and about 200 Dakota Indians displaced the natives from the site.[3] In 1841 Father Galtier established a Catholic chapel, Saint Paul's Chapel, on the bluffs above the landing, naming it in honor of his favorite saint and because of the pairing with Saint Peter's Church in Mendota, near Fort Snelling. About that time, the name of the settlement was formally changed to Saint Paul as a more worthy name than "Pig's Eye" and in honor of the new chapel. In 1847 Harriet Bishop came from New York and opened the city's first school.[5] German-Jewish pioneers formed Saint Paul's first synagogue in 1856.[5] The Minnesota Territory was formalized in 1849 with Saint Paul named as its capital. In 1857, the city narrowly survived a proposed law to move the capital to Saint Peter when territorial legislator, Joe Rolette disappeared with the approved bill.[6] In 1854, Saint Paul incorporated as a city and, in 1858, Minnesota was admitted to the union with Saint Paul becoming the 32nd state capital.
Natural geography played a role in the settlement and development of Saint Paul as a trade and transportation center. The Mississippi River valley in this area is defined by a series of stone bluffs that line both sides of the river. The city centrally grew up around Lambert's Landing, the last accessible point to unload boats coming upriver, which was about 14 river miles downstream from Saint Anthony Falls. In 1858, with more than 1,000 steamboats unloading at Saint Paul,[5] the city became a gateway for settlers to the Minnesota frontier or Dakota Territory. Called "The Last City of the East," numerous railroads were headquartered in Saint Paul, such as the Great Northern Railway and Northern Pacific Railway, which are today part of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway.[7]
African American civil rights activist and journalist Roy Wilkins grew up in the Rondo neighborhood and would later be awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Lyndon Johnson for his efforts as the NAACP's executive director.[8] Roy Wilkins Auditorium, an entertainment venue located adjacent to RiverCentre is named for him. During urban renewal, Saint Paul began razing older downtown buildings for skyscrapers in competition with Minneapolis but also contended with creation of the interstate freeway system in a fully built landscape. From 1959 to 1961, the western Rondo neighborhood was decimated by Interstate 94 and touched off the debate of racial segregation and equal housing in northern cities.[9][10] The Rondo Days celebration annually commemorates the African American community.
Saint Paul is located in east-central Minnesota. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 56.2 square miles (145.5 km²). 52.8 square miles (136.7 km²) of it is land and 3.4 square miles (8.8 km²) of it (6.07%) is water. The Mississippi River runs through the city, and forms a municipal boundary on the city's west, southwest and southeast sides. Minneapolis, the state's larger city lies to the west; Falcon Heights, Lauderdale, Roseville, and Maplewood are north; Maplewood is also to the east; the cities of West Saint Paul and South Saint Paul are to the south; and Lilydale, Mendota and Mendota Heights lie across the river from the city to the south. The city's largest lakes are Pig's Eye Lake, in the river, Lake Phalen, and Lake Como.
District Councils were created in 1979 to allow neighborhoods to participate in governance. With a funding agreement directly from the city, the districts have land planning control, a voice in guiding development, and organize residents.[11] There are 17 districts and boundaries are adjusted depending on population changes, as such they sometimes overlap established neighborhoods. The city's seventeen City Districts include:
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The "West" Side neighborhood is so named because it is on the west bank of the Mississippi River.
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high °F (°C) | 23 (-5) | 30 (-1) | 42 (6) | 58 (14) | 71 (22) | 79 (26) | 83 (28) | 81 (27) | 72 (22) | 59 (15) | 41 (5) | 27 (-3) |
| Avg low temperature °F (°C) | 6 (-14) | 12 (-11) | 24 (-4) | 36 (2) | 48 (9) | 58 (14) | 63 (17) | 61 (16) | 52 (11) | 40 (4) | 26 (-3) | 12 (-11) |
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1860 | 10,401 |
| 1870 | 20,030 |
| 1880 | 41,473 |
| 1890 | 133,156 |
| 1900 | 163,065 |
| 1910 | 214,744 |
| 1920 | 234,698 |
| 1930 | 271,606 |
| 1940 | 287,736 |
| 1950 | 311,349 |
| 1960 | 313,411 |
| 1970 | 309,980 |
| 1980 | 270,230 |
| 1990 | 272,235 |
| 2000 | 287,151 |
As of the census[12] of 2000, there were 287,151 people, 112,109 households, and 60,987 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,441.7 people per square mile (2,101.0/km²). There were 115,713 housing units at an average density of 2,192.8/sq mi (846.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 67.02% White, 11.71% African American, 1.13% Native American, 12.36% Asian (mostly Hmong and Vietnamese), 0.07% Pacific Islander, 3.84% from other races, and 3.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race (incl. white) were 7.91% of the population. 20.1% were of German, 9.0% Irish and 7.0% Norwegian ancestry according to Census 2000. Saint Paul has the largest population of Hmong people in the United States.[13] Due to Saint Paul's increasing Mexican population, Mexico has opened a foreign consulate in the East Side.[14][15]
There were 112,109 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.1% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.6% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 9,4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.32.
In the city the population was spread out with 27.1% under the age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $38,774, and the median income for a family was $48,925. Males had a median income of $35,111 versus $29,432 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,216. About 11.7% of families and 15.6% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 23.2% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.
Like its twin, Saint Paul was and still is home to immigrant enclaves. In its early history Connemara Patch consisted of immigrants from Connemara in Ireland. The Irish would become prolific in politics, city governance, and public safety much to the chagrin of more majority groups such as the Germans and French. Nine of the ten men who served as mayors of Saint Paul between 1932-1972 were Irish. Swede Hollow just upstream was home to Swedes, Poles, Italians and Mexicans. The Swedish presence later occupied Saint Paul's East Side centered on Payne Avenue into the latter 20th century.[16] Today many view the Thomas Dale area, also known as Frogtown (German: Froschburg) as a new enclave for Vietnamese and now Hmong immigrants, who in Saint Paul, comprise the largest urban contingent in the United States.[17][18]
The majority of residents claiming religious affiliation are Christian, split between the Roman Catholic Church and various Protestant denominations. There are Jewish synagogues and relatively small populations of Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, and Pagans.[19]
Saint Paul is governed with a variation of the strong mayor-council form of government.[20] The mayor is the chief executive and chief administrative officer for the city and the seven member city council is the legislative body.[21][22] The mayor is elected from the entire city, while members of the city council are elected from seven different geographic wards, which have approximately equal populations.[23][24]
In addition to the mayor-council system, Saint Paul is governed by a unique neighborhood system. Since 1975, the city has been split up into 17 City Districts, which are then governed by a District Council. The District Councils receive some funding from the city but are otherwise independently run. Most councils have significant power on land use issues.[25]
Saint Paul is the capital of the state of Minnesota. The city hosts the capitol building, designed by Saint Paul resident Cass Gilbert, and the house and senate office buildings. The Minnesota Governor's Residence, which is used for some state functions, is on Summit Avenue. Saint Paul is also the county seat for Ramsey County.
Saint Paul is located in Minnesota's 4th congressional district, represented by Betty McCollum, a progressive Democrat, scoring 92% progressive by a progressive group[26] and 4% conservative by a conservative group[27] on a range of issues.
Saint Paul is second in the United States in the number of higher education institutions per capita.[28] Higher education institutions that call Saint Paul home include three public and eight private colleges and universities, and five post-secondary institutions. Well-known colleges and universities include: the College of Saint Catherine, Concordia University, Hamline University, Macalester College, and the University of St. Thomas. Metropolitan State University and Saint Paul College, which focus on non-traditional students, are based in Saint Paul, as well as two law schools, William Mitchell College of Law and Hamline University School of Law.[29]
The Saint Paul Public Schools district is the state's second largest school district and serves approximately 42,000 students. The district is extremely diverse with students from families speaking 70 different languages, although only four languages are used for most school communication. Those languages are English, Spanish, Hmong and Somali. The district runs 67 different schools including 48 elementary schools, eight middle schools, seven high schools, three alternative schools and one special education school. The district also employs over 6,500 teachers and staff. The school district also oversees community education programs for pre-K and adult learners, including Early Childhood Family Education, GED Diploma, language programs and various learning opportunities for community members of all ages. In 2006, Saint Paul Public Schools celebrated its 150th anniversary.[30]
A variety of K-12 private, parochial and public charter schools are also represented in the city. In 1992, Saint Paul became the first city in the U.S. to sponsor and open a charter school, now found in most states across the nation.[31] Saint Paul is currently home to 21 charter schools as well as 38 private schools.[32]
In winter months, Saint Paul is active with the Saint Paul Winter Carnival, a tradition originating from 1886 when a New York reporter called Saint Paul "another Siberia." Attended by 350,000 visitors annually, the event showcases ice sculpting, winter food, activities, and the main feature, an ice palace.[33] Year round the Como Zoo and Conservatory allows the public to enjoy tropical plants and during warmer months the adjoining zoo and Japanese Garden have free admission. The historic Landmark Center located in downtown Saint Paul hosts a variety of cultural and arts organization. The Ordway Center for the Performing Arts is the city's answer to the [{Guthrie Theater]] and the Minnesota Opera is a founding tenant.
The city's notable recreation includes Indian Mounds Park, Battle Creek Regional Park, Harriet Island Regional Park, Highland Park, the Wabasha Street Caves, Lake Como, Lake Phelan and Rice Park.
Saint Paul is associated with the Minnesota State Fair located in nearby Falcon Heights as the fair grounds are just north of the Midway neighborhood and west of the University of Minnesota Saint Paul Campus where much of the livestock portion of the fair is cared for. Though Fort Snelling is on the Minneapolis side of the Mississippi River bluff, the area including Fort Snelling State Park and Pike Island is managed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources headquartered in the city.[34]
Saint Paul is the birthplace of renowned author, F. Scott Fitzgerald, as well as the childhood home of cartoonist Charles M. Schulz (Peanuts) who, while born in a Minneapolis hospital, lived from infancy until the early 1960s in the city. Saint Paul regularly has events centering on Schulz' Snoopy cartoon such as distributing painted and decorated giant Peanuts sculptures around the city.
Playwright August Wilson lived in the city from 1978 until 1990, at the suggestion of his friend, director Claude Purdy, who helped him secure a job writing educational scripts for the Science Museum of Minnesota.
Renowned painter LeRoy Neiman is also a native of Saint Paul and was born there in 1927. Born in Saint Paul, John Vachon photographed the United States for the Farm Security Administration and later Look and Life magazines.[35]
Performing arts
Live music
Museums
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Major corporations headquartered in Saint Paul include Travelers, a major insurance firm, St. Jude Medical, a manufacturer of medical devices, Ecolab, a chemical and cleaning product company, Patterson Dental, Securian Financial Group Inc., Lawson Software, a business software and support company, 3M, an international conglomerate, and Gander Mountain, a retailer of sporting goods.
Residents of Saint Paul can receive 10 broadcast television stations, five of which broadcast from within Saint Paul. One daily newspaper, the St. Paul Pioneer Press, two weekly neighborhood newspapers, the East Side Review and City Pages (Village Voice Media), and several monthly neighborhood papers serve the city. Several media outlets based in neighboring Minneapolis also serve the Saint Paul community, including the Star Tribune. And the magazine, Saint Paul Illustrated is published in Bloomington.
The Saint Paul division of Parks and Recreation runs over 1,500 organized sports teams.[38] In addition the Parks and Recreation department is responsible for 160 parks and 41 recreation centers.[39] The first curling club in Saint Paul was founded in 1888. The current club, the Saint Paul Curling Club, was founded in 1912 and is the largest curling club in the United States.[40] The Minnesota RollerGirls are a flat-track roller derby league that is based in the Roy Wilkins Auditorium.
The first baseball team established in Saint Paul were the St. Paul Saints in 1884. They folded in 1899. The all black St. Paul Colored Gophers came to town and played four seasons from 1907 to 1911.[41] The current reincarnation of the St. Paul Saints is an independent baseball team that plays in the American Association. They play in the open air Midway Stadium. Four noted Major League All Star baseball players are natives of Saint Paul -- Hall of Fame outfielder Dave Winfield, Hall of Fame infielder Paul Molitor, pitcher Jack Morris and catcher Joe Mauer.
The St. Paul Twin Stars of the National Premier Soccer League play their home games at James Griffin Stadium.
The Minnesota Wild brought ice hockey back to Minnesota for the first time since 1993, when the Minnesota North Stars departed for Dallas. Previously, the Minnesota Fighting Saints had played in Saint Paul from 1972 to 1977. The Wild's first season began in 2000 in the new Xcel Energy Center. Another tenant of the Xcel Energy Center is the Minnesota Swarm, a box lacrosse team that plays in the National Lacrosse League. The Xcel Energy Center is located in downtown and was built over the demolished Saint Paul Civic Center. The “X”, as it is sometimes called, hosts the Minnesota high school boys hockey tournament and many concerts though out the year. In 2004, it was named the best overall sports venue in the U.S. by ESPN.[42]
The Minnesota Timberwolves, Twins, and Vikings all play in Minneapolis.
| Professional Sports in Saint Paul | ||||
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| Club | Sport | League | Venue | Championships |
| Minnesota Ripknees | Basketball | Premier Basketball League | Roy Wilkins Auditorium | |
| Minnesota Swarm | Indoor lacrosse | National Lacrosse League Eastern Division | Xcel Energy Center | |
| Minnesota Wild | Ice Hockey | National Hockey League Western Conference | Xcel Energy Center | |
| Saint Paul Saints | Baseball | American Association North League | Midway Stadium | Northern League Championship: 1993, 1995, 1996, 2004 |
| St. Paul Twin Stars | Soccer | National Premier Soccer League Midwest Conference | James Griffin Stadium | |
Most residents utilize a car with Interstate 35E running north-south, and Interstate 94 running east-west. Trunk highways include U.S. Highway 52, Minnesota State Highway 280, and Minnesota State Highway 5. Saint Paul has several unique roads such as Ayd Mill Road and Shepard Road/Warner Road, which diagonally follow particular geographic features in the city. Metro Transit provides bus service and connects the city to the existing Hiawatha Line light rail via dedicated bus routes but will not have its own line, the Central Line down University Avenue until 2014.[43] Downtown Saint Paul has a five mile (8 km) enclosed skyway system over twenty-five city blocks.[44] Biking is also gaining riders due to paved bike lanes which connect to other routes in the metropolitan area.[45]
The layout of city streets and roads has often drawn complaints. Jesse Ventura famously brought up the city's roadways during an appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman in his days as Governor of Minnesota.[46] Ventura later apologized for his remark that the streets had been designed by "drunken Irishmen," although people had already been complaining about the fractured grid system for more than a century by that point.[47] Some of the city road design is the result of the curve of the Mississippi River, hilly topography, conflicts between developers of different neighborhoods in the early city, and grand plans only half-realized. Outside of downtown, the roads are less confusing, but most roads are named, rather than numbered, increasing the difficulty for non-natives to navigate.[48] Due to neighborhood autonomy, some roads suddenly change names without warning.
Amtrak's Empire Builder between Chicago and Seattle stops once daily in each direction at nearby Midway Station.[49]
Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport (MSP) sits on 3,400 acres (14 km²) [50] southwest of the city between Minnesota State Highway 5, Interstate 494, Minnesota State Highway 77, and Minnesota State Highway 62. The airport serves three international, twelve domestic, seven charter and four regional carriers[51] and is a hub and home base for Northwest Airlines, Mesaba Airlines, Sun Country Airlines and Champion Air.[52] Saint Paul is also served by the St. Paul Downtown Airport located just south from downtown, across the Mississippi River. The airport, which is often referred to as Holman Field, is a reliever airport, run by the Metropolitan Airports Commission. The airport houses Minnesota's Air National Guard and is used extensively by local corporations.[53]
Saint Paul has 11 sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:
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