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Pro-life feminism is the opposition to abortion, based on feminism. Those who take this viewpoint assert that abortion is not a necessary right, but has instead served to hurt women more than it has benefited them. Further, proponents state that abortion does not empower women, but creates a disempowered body of women who are seen by society to only profit off a violent act against their bodies and their offspring.citation needed
The most prominent pro-life feminist organization is Feminists for Life. Their spokesperson is Emmy award-winning actress Patricia Heaton of the U.S. television show "Everybody Loves Raymond."
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The Feminism and Non-Violence Studies Association, founded by Rachel MacNair, is the literary branch of the movement,citation needed publishing an interdiscplinary journal on pro-life feminism from a wide spectrum of views.
The Susan B. Anthony List serves as the central political action committee of the movement. The SBA-List is to the pro-life feminist movement, what the National Right to Life Committee is to the pro-life movement on whole.citation needed The group works to elect pro-life women to Congress.
Some early feminists, such as Susan B. Anthony, considered abortion to be an evil forced upon women by men.[1] Feminist pro-life groups claim to continue the tradition of Anthony and see abortion as a tool used by patriarchal culture to keep women in submission: a feminist culture, in contrast, would adapt its structure to encompass mothers and reward mothering.citation needed Pro-life feminists believe the opposite has happened since abortion has become a right claiming to grant women the choice to become mothers. Feminists who are pro-life often state that by making a motherhood solely the right of the mother, society forces a woman to solely be responsible for making provisions for her child(ren). Businesses, schools, government agencies, and other social organizations are able to refuse or offer minimal aid to those women who opt to have children because the action was their "choice". Many also point to the fact that some of the most prominent proponents of the initial abortion movement were men who acted as catalysts shifting the feminist movement from one that sought to empower all women to one that now supports actions that they claim disempower them. Moreover, some feminists who have adopted a pro-life stance believe abortion unfairly places minority women and poor women at a disadvantage, while being seen as the only way they may achieve success in a society that values the status quo.citation needed Since women of color and low-income women are more likely to faceclarify an abortion than women who are white or middle class[2], some pro-life feminists argue that it is not equitable for any woman to argue that abortion is a true choice for these women in this view.citation needed
Some pro-life feminist organizations (i.e. organizations that work to advance the rights and dignity of women) maintain that abortion can never be a right.citation needed These groups posit that when a society considers abortion as a solution for a pregnant woman, that society has let the woman down by offering her only the violent choice of abortion - thereby conspiring in a systemic act of violence that terminates a fetus and they claim harms the woman physically and psychologically.citation needed The act of abortion is not only seen as a violent act against the woman receiving it but the possible fetus that is being terminated. Feminists who are anti-abortion often make the claim that abortion kills "women", at least in the womb. Pro-life feminism shares much of this philosophy with "traditional" pro-life groups.citation needed
Norma McCorvey, the Jane Roe who was the winning plaintiff in the court case Roe v. Wade that established the right to abortion in the US, is now a pro-life feminist and explains:
At the same time, there are pro-life feminists who focus not so much on changing the legal status of abortion, but on making it obsolete by relieving its root causes at every level of society from the individual to the global--for example, from personally providing direct aid to pregnant women and adopting "special needs" children to campaigning for global access to antiretrovirals and for women's economic justice worldwide.
The Catholic Church promotes what it calls "New Feminism", a theology summarized in the encyclical letter "Mulieris Dignitatum" (Latin for "On the Dignity of Woman") that promotes equal dignity for men and women while asserting there are biological differences that need to be taken into account.[3] Some who identify as pro-life feminists are Catholics who advocate this theology. Some are Catholics who dissent from official doctrine on such matters as contraception and same-sex relationships. Still others belong to the full spectrum of world religions, or identify as freethinkers, agnostics, or atheists. Pro-life feminists claim that pro-life feminism is a stance grounded in values of nonviolence and reverence for life, born and unborn, that can be and often are shared by people of all faiths and none.
Some, particularly on the left have criticized pro-life feminists as 'stealth' feminists who are actually working to advance an overall conservative agenda. [4] [5]
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