Lisp

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Lisp
Classification and external resources

ICD-10 F 80.8

ICD-9 307.9

For the programming language, see Lisp (programming language).

A lisp (OE wlisp, stammering)^[1] is a speech impediment, historically also known as sigmatism.^[2] Stereotypically, people with a lisp are unable to pronounce sibilants (like the sound [s]), and replace them with interdentals (like the sound [θ]), though there are actually several kinds of lisp. The result is that the speech is unclear.

"Interdental" lisping is produced when the tip of the tongue protrudes between the front teeth and "dentalised" lisping is produced when the tip of the tongue just touches the front teeth.

The "lateral" lisp, where the /s/ and /z/ sounds are produced with air escaping over the sides of the tongue, is also called 'slushy ess' or a 'slushy lisp' due to the wet, spitty sound. The symbols for these lateralized sounds are in the Extended International Phonetic Alphabet for speech disorders, [ʪ] and [ʫ]. Notably, former mayor of New York, Rudolph Giuliani has this type of lisp.^[3]

Finally, there is the "palatal lisp," where the speaker attempts to make the sounds with the tongue in contact with the palate.^[2]

See also

References

^ Concise English Dictionary Wordsworth Editions Ltd. 1994, ISBN 1-85326-328-1
^ ^a ^b Bowen, Caroline. "Lisping - when /s/ and /z/ are hard to say". Retrieved on 2006-03-07.
^ Boyer, Peter J. (2007-08-20). "Mayberry Man". newyorker.com. CondéNet Inc. Retrieved on 2008-07-31.

v • d • e WHO ICD-10 mental and behavioral disorders (F · 290–319)

Neurological/symptomatic	Dementia (Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia complex, Frontotemporal dementia) · Delirium · Post-concussion syndrome · Organic brain syndrome

Psychoactive substance	alcohol (drunkenness, alcohol dependence, alcoholic hallucinosis, Alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens, Korsakoff's syndrome, alcohol abuse) · opioids (opioid dependency) · sedative/hypnotic (benzodiazepine withdrawal) · cocaine (cocaine dependence) · general (Intoxication, Drug abuse, Physical dependence, Withdrawal)

Psychotic disorder	Schizophrenia (disorganized schizophrenia) · Schizophreniform disorder · Schizotypal personality disorder · Delusional disorder · Folie à deux · Schizoaffective disorder

Mood (affective)	Mania · Bipolar disorder · Clinical depression · Cyclothymia · Dysthymia

Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform	Anxiety disorder (Agoraphobia, Panic disorder, Panic attack, Generalized anxiety disorder, Social anxiety, Social phobia) · OCD · Acute stress reaction · PTSD · Adjustment disorder · Conversion disorder (Ganser syndrome) · Somatoform disorder (Somatization disorder, Body dysmorphic disorder, Hypochondriasis, Nosophobia, Da Costa's syndrome, Psychalgia) · Neurasthenia

Physiological/physical behavioral	Eating disorder: Anorexia nervosa · Bulimia nervosa Sleep disorder: Dyssomnia (Hypersomnia, Insomnia) · Parasomnia (REM behavior disorder, Night terror) · Nightmare Sexual dysfunction: Erectile dysfunction · Premature ejaculation · Vaginismus · Dyspareunia · Hypersexuality · Female sexual arousal disorder Postpartum depression · Postnatal psychosis

Adult personality and behavior	Personality disorder · Passive-aggressive behavior · Kleptomania · Trichotillomania · Voyeurism · Factitious disorder · Munchausen syndrome · Ego-dystonic sexual orientation · Fetishism

Mental retardation	Mental retardation

Psychological development (developmental disorder)	Specific: speech and language (expressive language disorder, aphasia, expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, lisp) · Scholastic skills (dyslexia, dysgraphia, Gerstmann syndrome) · Motor function (developmental dyspraxia) Pervasive: Autism · Rett syndrome · Asperger syndrome

Behavioral and emotional, childhood and adolescence onset	ADHD · Conduct disorder · Oppositional defiant disorder · Separation anxiety disorder · Selective mutism · Reactive attachment disorder · Tic disorder · Tourette syndrome · Speech (stuttering · cluttering)