Bulgarian Empire

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Khan Omurtag (814-831)

Emperor Ivan Alexander (1331-1371)

Bulgarian Empire (Bulgarian: Българско царство, Balgarsko tsarstvo [ˈbɤl.gɐr.skʊ ˈʦar.stvʊ]) is a term used to describe two periods in the medieval history of Bulgaria, during which it acted as a key regional power in Europe in general and in Southeastern Europe in particular, often rivalling Byzantium. The two "Bulgarian Empires" are not treated as separate entities, but rather as one state restored after a period of Byzantine rule over its territory.

First Bulgarian Empire

Main article: First Bulgarian Empire

The First Bulgarian Empire was established as a result of an expansion of Old Great Bulgaria to the territory south of Danube River, and is usually described as having lasted between 681 (when its existence was acknowledged by Byzantium by means of a peace treaty) and 1018, when it was subjugated by the Byzantine Empire despite Samuil's fierce resistance. It gradually reached its cultural and territorial apogee in the 9th century and early 10th century under Boris I and Simeon the Great, when it developed into the cultural and literary centre of Slavic Europe, as well as one of the largest states in Europe.

Second Bulgarian Empire

Main article: Second Bulgarian Empire

The medieval Bulgarian state was restored as the Second Bulgarian Empire after a successful uprising of two nobles from Tarnovo, Asen and Peter, in 1185, and existed until it was conquered during the Ottoman invasion of the Balkans in the late 14th century, with the date of its subjugation usually given as 1396 or 1422. Under Ivan Asen II in the first half of the 13th century it gradually recovered much of its former power, though this did not last long due to internal problems and foreign invasions.

In 1878 the Bulgarian state was restored as the Ottoman vassal Principality of Bulgaria. The independence of Bulgaria and its promotion to a Kingdom of Bulgaria was recognized by the Ottomans in 1908.

Maps

The First Bulgarian Empire's greatest territorial extent during the reign of Tsar Simeon[1]

Map of Bulgaria in its largest extension during Samuel's reign

The Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Ivan Asen II

The Second Bulgarian Empire circa 1340

See also

• First Bulgarian Empire
• Second Bulgarian Empire

References

• Zlatarski, Vasil N. (1918). Medieval History of the Bulgarian State (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Science and Arts Publishers, 2nd Edition (Petar Petrov, Ed.), Zahari Stoyanov Publishers, 4th Edition, 2006. ISBN 9547366284. 
• Бакалов, Георги; Милен Куманов (2003). Електронна издание – История на България (in Bulgarian). София: Труд, Сирма. ISBN 9844830679. 
• Делев, Петър; Валери Кацунов, Пламен Митев, Евгения Калинова, Искра Баева, Боян Добрев (2006). История и цивилизация за 11. клас (in Bulgarian). Труд, Сирма. 
• (2005) Българите и България (in Bulgarian). Министерство на външните работи на България, Труд, Сирма. 
• Fine, Jr., John V.A. (1991). The Early Medieval Balkans. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0472081493. 

v • d • e Bulgarian Empire
State	Military	Culture
Origin Bulgars South Slavs Old Great Bulgaria States First Bulgarian Empire (632/681-1018) Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1396) De facto independent states from the Second Empire Tsardom of Vidin Principality of Karvuna Tsardom of Tarnovo Administration Medieval Bulgarian aristocracy Capitals: Pliska (681-893) • Preslav (893-972) • Skopie (972-992) • Ohrid (992-1018) • Tarnovo (1185-1393) Important rulers First Bulgarian Empire Asparukh • Tervel • Krum • Omurtag • Boris I • Simeon I the Great • Peter I • Samuil Second Bulgarian Empire Ivan Asen I • Kaloyan • Ivan Asen II • Constantine Tikh Asen • Michael Shishman • Ivan Alexander	Medieval Bulgarian Army Medieval Bulgarian Navy Conflicts Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars Bulgarian-Croatian Wars Bulgarian-Hungarian Wars Bulgarian-Latin Wars Bulgarian-Ottoman Wars Bulgarian-Serbian Wars Major battles First Bulgarian Empire Battle of Ongal • Siege of Constantinople • Battle of Marcelae • Battle of Pliska • Battle of Southern Buh • Battle of Anchialus • Battle of the Gates of Trajan • Battle of Kleidion Second Bulgarian Empire Battle of Tryavna • Battle of Adrianople • Battle of Klokotnitsa • Battle of Skafida • Battle of Velbazhd • Battle of Rusokastro • Battle of Chernomen • Siege of Tarnovo Major uprisings Uprising of Peter Delyan Uprising of Georgi Voiteh Uprising of Asen and Peter Uprising of Ivailo Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin	Literature Medieval Bulgarian literature Glagolitic alphabet Early Cyrillic alphabet Cyrillic alphabet Old Church Slavonic Preslav Literary School Ohrid Literary School Medieval Bulgarian royal charters Prominent writers and scholars: Naum of Preslav • Clement of Ohrid • Chernorizets Hrabar • Constantine of Preslav • John Exarch • Evtimiy of Tarnovo • Gregory Tsamblak Art and Architecture Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School Painting of the Tarnovo Artistic School Religion Tengriism Slavic religion Christianization of Bulgaria Bulgarian Orthodox Church Bulgarian Archbishopric of Ohrid Bogomilism Hesychasm Economy Medieval Bulgarian economy Medieval Bulgarian coins	Bulgarian Empire portal